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The reproductive caste of a mature colony includes a wealthy female and man, known as the queen and king.61 The queen of this colony is responsible for egg production for the colony. Unlike in ants, the king mates with her for life.62 In certain species, the abdomen of the queen swells up dramatically to increase fecundity, a characteristic known as physogastrism.61 Depending on the species, the queen begins producing reproductive winged alates at a certain period of the year, and huge swarms emerge in the colony when nuptial flight begins.

A young termite nymph. Nymphs first moult into workers, but others may farther moult to become soldiers alates.

Termites are often compared with all the social Hymenoptera (ants and various species of bees and wasps), but their differing evolutionary origins result in significant differences in life span. In the eusocial Hymenoptera, the workers are exclusively female. Males (drones) are haploid and develop from unfertilised eggs, while females (both employees and the queen) are diploid and grow from fertilised eggs.

Depending on species, male and female employees may have different roles in a termite colony.63.

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The entire life span of a termite begins with an egg, but is different from that of a bee or ant in that it goes through a developmental process called incomplete metamorphosis, with egg, nymph and adult phases.64 Nymphs resemble little adults, and go through a series of moults as they develop.

The development of nymphs into adults can take months; the time frame depends on food availability, temperature, and the general population of this colony. Since nymphs are unable to feed themselves, workers must feed thembut workers also get involved in the social life of the colony and have certain other tasks to accomplish like foraging, building or maintaining the nest or tending to the queen.5367 Pheromones regulate the caste system in termite colonies, preventing all but a very few of the termites from becoming fertile queens.68.

Queens of the eusocial termite Reticulitermes speratus are effective at a long Your Domain Name lifespan without sacrificing fecundity. These long-lived queens have a significantly lower degree of oxidative damage, including oxidative DNA damage, than workers, soldiers and nymphs.69 The decreased degrees of damage seem to be due to increased catalase, an enzyme that protects against oxidative stress.69.

Termite alates only depart the colony when a nuptial flight occurs. Alate males and females pair up together and then land in search of a suitable place for a colony.70 A termite king and queen do not mate until they find such a place. When they dothey excavate a room large enough for both, close up the entrance and move to mate.70 After mating, the set never go outside and spend the rest of their lives in the nest.

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For instance, alates in certain species appear during the daytime in summer while others emerge during winter.71 The nuptial flight may also begin at dusk, when the alates swarm around regions with plenty of lights. The time when nuptial flight begins depends on the environmental conditions, the time of day, moisture, wind speed and precipitation.71 The number of termites in a colony also fluctuates, with the bigger species typically having 1001,000 individuals.

The queen only lays 1020 eggs in the very early phases of the colony, but places as many as 1,000 a day when the colony is a few years old.53 At adulthood, a primary queen has a fantastic capability to lay eggs. In some species, the mature queen includes a greatly distended abdomen and might produce 40,000 eggs a day.72 The two adult ovaries may possess some 2,000 ovarioles each.73 The abdomen increases the queen's body length to several times more than prior to mating and reduces her ability to maneuver freely; attendant employees offer assistance. .

The king grows only slightly bigger after initial mating and continues to partner with the queen for life (a termite queen visit the site can survive between 30 to 50 years); this is very different from ant colonies, in which a queen mates once together with the man (s) and stores the gametes for lifetime, as the male image source ants die shortly after mating.6267 If your queen is absent, a termite king generates pheromones which encourage the development of replacement termite queens.74 As the queen and king are monogamous, sperm competition does not occur.75.

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Termites going through incomplete metamorphosis on the path to becoming alates type a subcaste in certain species of termite, functioning as potential supplementary reproductives. These supplementary reproductives only grow into main reproductives upon the passing of a king or queen, or when the primary reproductives are separated out of the colony.6676 Supplementaries have the ability to replace a dead primary reproductive, and there can also be greater than just a single supplementary within a colony.53 Some queens have the ability to switch from sexual reproduction to asexual reproduction.